Eesti vaatama-verbi ja selle vene ja ukraina vastete sihilisusest

Abstract

https://doi.org/10.5128/LV32.07

Artiklis vaadeldakse eesti vaatama-verbi ja selle vene ning ukraina vastete sihilisust. Põhieesmärk on uurida, kui regulaarsed on korpuse andmetel ‘vaatama’ transitiivsed ehk sihilised ja intransitiivsed ehk sihitud mallid eesti ja kahes idaslaavi keeles. Kuna vene ja ukraina keeles on enamikul verbidest olemas aspektipaariline, uuritakse artiklis eesti vaatama imperfektiivset ja perfektiivset vastet vene ja ukraina keeles eesmärgiga kontrollida, kumba verbilekseemi kasutatakse transitiivselt potentsiaalselt sagedamini. Korpusepõhine uuring kinnitas, et verbi ‘vaatama’ sihilisus võib keeliti oluliselt erineda. Sama meetodit rakendades selgus, et vene ja ukraina keeles on nii perfektiivse kui ka imperfektiivse ‘vaatama’ sihilisus oluliselt väiksem kui eesti vaatama oma. Seejuures kasutatakse ukraina ja vene keeles perfektiivset verbi transitiivselt mõnevõrra sagedamini kui selle imperfektiivset paarilist.

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On the transitivity of the verb ‘watch’/’look’ in Estonian, Russian and Ukrainian

The article studies the transitivity of the Estonian verb vaatama ‘watch, look’ and its Russian and Ukrainian equivalents. The aim is to determine how regular the transitive and intransitive patterns of ‘watch, look’ are in Estonian and two East Slavic languages. Since in Ukrainian and Russian most verbs have an aspectual pair, both the imperfective and perfective counterparts of Estonian vaatama were examined, in order to determine which verb lexeme is used transitively potentially more often. The corpus-based study confirmed that the transitivity of the verb ‘watch, look’ can vary significantly between languages. Applying the same method, it was found that the Russian and Ukrainian equivalents of Estonian vaatama have a significantly lower degree of transitivity. However, in Ukrainian and Russian the perfective verb is used transitively somewhat more often than its imperfective counterpart. The findings of the study indicate the importance of language-specific aspectual lexical semantics in determining the degree of transitivity and could be taken into account while teaching Estonian as a second or a foreign language and compiling dictionaries for language learners.