Üld- ja oskuskeele keerdkäikudest kriisiuudiste valgel
Abstract
https://doi.org/10.5128/ERYa21.03
Artikli eesmärk on heita valgust oskuskeele sellele osale, mida kasutatakse tänapäeva uudistekstides, ning selitada näidete varal üld- ja oskuskeele piiriala. Ajakirjanduse põhitõdesid on, et uudis ei pea järgima oskuskeele normingut ja tava, vaid edastama erialast infot üldsusele mõistetavalt. Kuidas suhestub see tänapäeva uudistega, kus sageli kajastatakse sügavalt erialaseid teemasid, nagu rindeuudised, relvahanked, viiruste ja vaktsiinide anatoomia, kliima- ja keskkonnaküsimused? Millised mõttekohad tekivad pingeväljas uudistekst– erialakeel ja milliseid järeldusi saab selle põhjal teha ühest küljest erialakeele, teisalt tänapäeva uudistekstide kohta? Tuginen riigikaitse näidetele, ent usutavasti on mõndagi ülekantavat teistelegi ühiskondlikult aktuaalsetele valdkondadele. Riigikaitseuudised paistavad silma mitmekesise ja -plaanilise erialaslängiga, mis omakorda komplitseerib üld- ja oskuskeele piiride mõtestamist. Ajakirjandustekstilt eeldatakse, et see sõnastab aktuaalse info lühidalt ja lihtsalt ümber. Selleks aga on vaja ümberöeldavast aru saada. Nii võib mõistetavus lugejale osutuda näiliseks: tavakodanikul võib tekkida mõistmisillusioon, enam asjaga kursis olijal aga mõistmistõrge. Aktuaalsete valdkondade kajastamisel peaks ekspertide võrgu olemasolu olema üks toimetustöö põhinõudeid.
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"The relationship between general and specialised language: A case study of Estonian crisis news"
This article explores the relationship between general and specialised language in Estonian media reports during the times of crisis. News media, by nature, bridges these two linguistic registers, requiring the transformation of specialised information into an accessible format for a broad audience. Contemporary news frequently covers highly specialised topics, such as military operations, arms procurement, and scientific advancements. What are the defining features of language in these reports, and how is specialised language integrated and simplified? Using examples from Estonian national defence news, the article examines how these dynamics unfold. This analysis categorises examples into three groups: variation/non-differentiation, specialist jargon, and the illusion of comprehension/the defamiliarisation effect. The variation of terms is a natural phenomenon in specialised language, and even more so in news media. In the case of news, the need for variation arises from the requirement to be understandable to the public, which often entails preferring simpler vocabulary, generalizing, or omitting precise information. It becomes evident that rephrasing and simplifying are not always within the capabilities of news editors. However, comprehension is generally supported by the surrounding context. The analysis reveals that specialist jargon introduces an additional layer of complexity beyond the challenge of “translating” specialised language for general audiences. Still, when journalists lack expertise, the text can create an illusion of comprehension for the general audience, while the more familiar may, on the contrary, experience the defamiliarisation effect. To mitigate this problem, newsrooms should have a network of experts to consult when reporting on topical issues in society. Moreover, recognising the reciprocal influence between the specialised use of language and news texts is important, as both shape one another. In the context of national defence, this fact is particularly significant for countries whose defence is based on a reserve army.
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa21.03
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Copyright (c) 2025 Reet Hendrikson

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ISSN 1736-2563 (print)
ISSN 2228-0677 (online)
DOI 10.5128/ERYa.1736-2563