Teksti mõistmine lugedes ja kuulates 4. klassi õpilastel

Abstract

https://doi.org/10.5128/ERYa19.10

Tänapäevane maailm on täis tekste, mistõttu on teksti mõistmine üks olulisemaid oskusi igapäevaelus hakkama saamiseks. Tekstist arusaamine ei tohi sõltuda selle esitusviisist, nii et kuulamis- ja lugemisoskus on võrdselt olulised. Võõrkeeleõppes on kuulamistekstist arusaamine oluliselt keerulisem võrreldes loetava teksti mõistmisega, kuid emakeeles on seni teksti mõistmist lugemisel ja kuulamisel võrdlevalt suhteliselt vähe uuritud. Artikkel annab ülevaate uuringust, milles sooviti teada saada, kas 4. klassi õpilased mõistavad teksti paremini kuulates või lugedes. Uuringus osales 46 õpilast, kellel kontrolliti tekstist arusaamist nii lugemis- kui ka kuulamisülesandega. Tulemustest selgus, et 4. klassi õpilased mõistsid teksti paremini kuulates. Ka nõrga lugemisoskusega õpilased sooritasid kuulamisülesandeid paremini kui lugemisülesandeid.

Võtmesõnad: emakeeleõpetus, arusaamine, kuulamisoskus, lugemisoskus, eesti keel

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Text comprehension of 4th-grade students by reading and listening

The modern information society has led to an overabundance of oral and written texts. However, along with technological development, literacy has also changed: in addition to paper books, numerous online materials are used to access information requiring reading, listening, and viewing skills. (Castek 2016: 212) Therefore, understanding diverse texts is important both for coping with social life and for achieving personal goals (OECD 2019: 28). Difficulties in text comprehension can be one of the causes of learning difficulties and academic failure (Cain 2010: 114, Pedaste et al. 2019: 131). To prevent learning difficulties, it is important to develop students’ text comprehension skills equally in listening and reading.

The article looks for the answers to whether the 4th-grade students understand the meaning of text more by reading or listening, and if one skill is more or less developed, what is the level of the other skill.

The study included 46 students whose text comprehension was tested with listening and reading tasks. The results indicated that 4th-grade students had a better understanding of the information in the listening text. The outcome showed that compared to listening more students got low (less than 50%) test results in reading.

The weak readers are not poor listeners. The results showed that poor readers had significantly higher listening test results, some of them had even excellent results. There were few students with poor listening test results, whose reading test results were even lower, indicating they might have more severe learning difficulties.

The reading ability of students with good listening skills was not equally good: Half of the students with a high score on the listening test had an average or even low reading score. Good readers had a high or average listening score. This shows that different part-skills do not develop evenly, which is why it is important to deal with all part-skills in school (Kline 1996: 7–8).

4th-grade students have a higher understanding of the listening text, so it would be essential to pay more attention to the teaching of reading strategies. Teachers should remember that a poor reader is not a poor listener. The development of listening skills should not be forgotten in lower secondary school.