Eesti keelt teise keelena omandavate 7–8-aastaste laste kodusest keelekeskkonnast ja eesti keele oskusest

Piret Baird, Reili Argus

Abstract


Artikkel annab esmase ülevaate pilootprojektis “Professionaalne eestikeelne õpetaja põhikoolis” osalenud Eesti koolide mitmekeelsete klasside 7–8-aastaste õpilaste keelelisest kasvukeskkonnast ning nende eesti keele oskusest projekti alguses. Tulemustest selgus, et valimis olnud 423 lapsest pea poolte kodus räägiti ainult vene, neljandikus kodudest ainult eesti ja ülejäänutel eesti ja vene või mõnda muud keelt või keelekombinatsiooni. Vene kodukeelega lastest on eesti keele oskus parem neil, kelle kokkupuude sihtkeelega on olnud pikem ja kel on kokkupuude keelega ka väljaspool kooli. Vähem kui pooled kodus vene keelt kõnelevatest lastest ei räägi eesti keeles ise ning vaid kaheksandik tuleb toime igapäevasuhtluses ja ülejäänud uuritud oskustest ükski ei ole omandatud rohkemal kui veerandil nendest lastest. Veneeesti kakskeelsete laste eesti keele oskus on parem kui venekeelsetel, kuid nende oskused ei ole siiski päris samal tasemel, mis kodus ainult eesti keelt kõ nelevatel lastel.

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The home language environment and Estonian skills of 7–8-year old children acquiring Estonian as a second language

This article gives the first overview of the language environment and Estonian skills of 423 students from multilingual classes who participated in the pilot project “Professional Estonian teacher in high school”. About half of the students in the sample had homes where only Russian was spoken to them, 1/4 came from monolingual Estonian homes and the rest from homes with a combination of Estonian and Russian and/or another language. Students with a foreign home language come into contact with Estonian at school and via TV, computers and books. Most of the children from non-Estonian homes start hearing Estonian input when they enter daycare (around age 3). Children who have received input in Estonian for a longer period also had better communication skills in Estonian, on average. The results also indicated that less than half of the children who speak Russian at home were not able to speak Estonian or understood it only when it was spoken to them very slowly and clearly. The data also showed that the general communication skills of Russian-Estonian bilingual children lag behind the skills of similarly aged monolingual Estonian students, though they have more developed skills than children who speak only Russian at home.


Keywords


keeleline kasvukeskkond, suhtlemisoskus, mitmekeelne klass, kakskeelsus, sisend, vene keel, eesti keel; language environment, communication skills, multilingual class, bilingualism, Estonian, Russian

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa18.05

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Copyright (c) 2022 Piret Baird, Reili Argus

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ISSN 1736-2563 (print)
ISSN 2228-0677 (online)
DOI 10.5128/ERYa.1736-2563